Book I of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics Book II of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics Book III of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics Book V of Boethius's The Consolation of Philosophy Chapters 1-4 of Anselm's Proslogion Rough Primer on Scholastic Aristotelian Philosophy Meditation 2 of Descartes's Meditations on First Philosophy Meditation 4 of Descartes's Meditations on First Philosophy Meditation 6 of Descartes's Meditations on First Philosophy Part I of Spinoza's Ethics Book II Chapter XXVII of Locke's An Essay Concerning Human Understanding Section IV of Hume's An Enquiry COncerning Human Understanding Kant's Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals Kant's Prolegomena to any Future Metaphysics Russell's On Denoting Moore's Proof of an External World Carnap's Elimination of Metaphysics through the Logical Analysis of Language Carnap's Empiricism, Semantics, and Ontology Introduction and Chapter 1 of Ayer's Language, Truth, and Logic Quine's Two Dogma's of Empiricism Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus Explanatory Gap and Two-Dimensional Semantics